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Learn how to write a good research question for a paper. Narrow your topic, identify a research problem, and create a focused question with practical examples.
Stony Brook University 3 credits PHY
Brief review of thermodynamics, principles of physical statistics, systems of non-interacting particles: Boltzmann, Fermi-Dirac, and Bose-Einstein statistics. Applications to ideal gases, electrons and phonons in solids, and black body radiation. Approximate treatment of non-ideal gases. First-order and second-order phase transitions. Ising model, transfer matrix, and renormalization group approach. Fluctuations in thermal equilibrium, fluctuation-dissipation theorem, brief review of non-equilibrium fluctuations. Basic notions of ergodicity, classical and quantum chaos. 3 credits Grading Letter graded (A, A-, B+, etc.)
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Learn how to write a good research question for a paper. Narrow your topic, identify a research problem, and create a focused question with practical examples.
Learn how to choose a research topic you can actually research. Discover how to narrow broad ideas, find reliable sources, and develop a focused research question.
Learn how to cite sources in a research paper using APA, MLA, and Chicago styles, with in-text citation examples and reference-list tips.